How do I reduce exposure to hexavalent chromium (hex chrome) in stainless steel weld fumes?

Reducing hexavalent chromium exposure starts with controlling weld fumes before they reach the breathing zone. Because hex chrome is a highly toxic byproduct of welding stainless steel, employers should prioritize engineering controls and process improvements before relying on PPE alone.

Key ways to reduce exposure include:

• Improve the welding process: changes in materials or welding wire (such as switching from flux-core to solid wire) may reduce weld fume generation.
• Use source capture systems: fume guns, backdraft tables and extraction arms help capture hazardous fumes close to the source. Robotic welding cells should be enclosed whenever possible.
• Add ambient air filtration: while not a standalone solution, ambient systems can help reduce lingering fumes throughout a facility.
• Use PPE when necessary: if exposure remains high, respirators such as powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) may help protect workers.

Because OSHA considers PPE a last resort, employers should first implement effective weld fume extraction and ventilation systems to help maintain exposure levels below the OSHA hexavalent chromium PEL.